Renewable Energy Overview

• What each renewable resource is
• The technologies used to generate electricity from each renewable resource
• How the technologies convert the energy in the resource to electricity
• The current role of each renewable resource in the U.S. electric generation mix
• The key attributes that determine the benefits, costs, and challenges associated with renewable
• generation technologies
• The potential role of each renewable resource in a region's overall electric generation mix
• Key issues for the future growth of each renewable resource

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• Utility or retail marketer procurement professionals
• Utility account representatives and department managers
• Employees of ISOs/RTOs needing a vision of the current and future impact of renewables
• Regulatory professionals needing a background in renewable energy
• Professionals such as attorneys, accountants, finance, PR, etc. who are becoming active in renewable energy
• Technical employees such as engineers and Information Technology professionals needing a fundamental overview of renewables and issues with integration
• Professionals from the advocacy community who want to learn the business aspects of clean power

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• Course objectives
• What is renewable electricity?
• Basic electrical concepts
• How the electric grid is designed and operated
• Challenges faced when using renewables
  • Dispatchability
  • Variability
  • Predictability
• How renewables are typically dispatched
• How renewables affect infrastructure needs
• Key attributes of renewable technology and why they are important
  • Technology maturity
  • Resource availability
  • Costs
  • Application and integration
  • Environmental considerations
  • Potential for future growth

• What wind power is
• Two key wind power technology types
• How wind power works
• Centralized and decentralized turbines
• U.S. wind capacity and output
• Wind resource availability
• Wind costs as compared with competing technologies: capital, fixed O&M, variable O&M, levelized, offshore
• Dispatchability, variability, and predictability
• Where wind fits into the dispatch curve and why
• Grid integration issues
• Transmission requirements
• Environmental considerations
• The future potential of wind

• What solar power is
• Two types of solar electricity – photovoltiac (PV) and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
• How PV technology works
• Materials used to create PV cells
• Types of solar modules (flat plate, concentrator PV systems)
• Types of arrays (fixed and tracking system)
• Distributed PV technology
• Utility scale PV technology
• Concentrated solar power (CSP) technology
  • Parabolic trough systems
  • Linear fresnel systems
  • Power towers
  • Parabolic dish systems
• How a steam turbine is used to create electricity
• How thermal storage works
• Hybrid CSP systems
• Heat engine systems
• Solar resource availability
• Solar costs as compared with competing technologies: capital, fixed O&M, variable O&M, levelized
• Typical project size and output capacity factor
• Dispatchability, variability, and predictability
• Where solar fits into the dispatch curve and why
• Grid integration issues
• Transmission requirements
• Environmental considerations
• The future potential of solar

• What geothermal power is
• Sources of geothermal energy: conventional reservoirs, dry rock formations, hydrocarbon reservoirs
• Four key geothermal power technology types
• How geothermal power works
• How geothermal units are connected to the grid
• Maturity of geothermal technologies
• U.S. geothermal capacity and output
• Geothermal resource availability
• Geothermal costs as compared with competing technologies: capital, fixed O&M, variable O&M, levelized, offshore
• Dispatchability, variability, and predictability
• Where geothermal fits into the dispatch curve and why
• Grid integration issues
• Transmission requirements
• Environmental considerations
• The future potential of geothermal

• What biopower is
• Sources of biomass
• How biomass is converted to electricity
  • Direct combustion (co-firing and Municipal Solid Waste)
  • Gasification
  • Anaerobic digestion
• How and where biopower units are connected to the grid
• Maturity of biopower technologies
• U.S. biopower capacity and output
• Biopower resource availability
• Biopower costs as compared with competing technologies: capital, fixed O&Mamp;, variable O&M, levelized, offshore
• Dispatchability, variability, and predictability
• Where biopower fits into the dispatch curve and why
• Grid integration issues
• Transmission requirements
• Environmental considerations
• The future potential of biopower
• Future areas for research

• What hydro and hydrokinetic power are
• Types of hydro power
  • Impoundment
  • Diversion
  • Pumped storage
  • Tidal power
• How hydro power works
  • Output factors
  • Capacity
  • How operators can vary output
  • Low head vs. high head
  • Types of turbines
• Types of hydrokinetic power
• How Wave Energy Conversion (WEC) technologies work
  • Attenuator
  • Oscillating water column
  • Oscillating wavesurge converter
  • Overtopping device
  • Point absorber
• How rotary devices work
• How and where hydro and hydrokinetic power units are connected to the grid
• Maturity of hydro and hydrokinetic power technologies
• U.S. hydro and hydrokinetic power capacity and output
• Hydro and hydrokinetic power resource availability
• Hydro and hydrokinetic power costs as compared with competing technologies: capital, fixed O&M, variable O&M, levelized, offshore
• Dispatchability, variability, and predictability
• Where hydropower fits into the dispatch curve and why
• Grid integration issues
• Transmission requirements
• Environmental considerations
• The future potential of hydro and hydrokinetic power
• Future areas for research

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