Electric System Fundamentals

• The basic characteristics of electricity and electric circuits
• The numerous qualitative and quantitative terms used to describe electricity
• The various energy sources and technologies used in electricity production, the physical and environmental characteristics and costs of each type of generation currently in use, and how the various generation types are used to serve customer loads
• The components of the transmission system and the way in which the system is designed and operated in both regulated and competitive markets
• The components of the distribution system and the way in which the system is designed and delivers power to end-use customers
• The components of the final service connection that links the distribution system to the customer’s internal electrical wiring and various options for configuring services
• The types of meters installed throughout the electrical system and how each is used to collect usage data

Quantity:

• New engineers without a power background
• New hires in the generation, transmission or distribution sectors
• Professionals needing to interact with employees from the technical side of the business
• Employees with customer account management, customer services, sales or marketing responsibilities
• Employees moving from business functions to electric operations
• ISO employees needing to understand the physical system
• Finance, legal, public relations, or regulatory professionals who need to understand the physical principles of the electrical system

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Introduction

• Course objectives

Basic Concepts of Electricity

• What is electricity?
• Direct current (DC)
• Alternating current (AC)
• Conductors
• Insulators
• Electrical terms and units (voltage, current/amps, resistance/ohms, frequency/hertz, real power/watts, apparent power/volt-amps, reactive power/volt-amps reactive, power factor)
• Resistive, inductive and capacitive loads
• Energy (kWh, MWh) and Demand (KW, MW)
• Watt’s Law
• Ohm’s Law
• Circuits and circuit components (source, path, load, control devices, and protective devices)
• Overview of the electric delivery system

Generating Electricity

• Key quantities used in discussing generation (rated capacity, output, capacity factor, voltage, and frequency)
• Methods for creating electricity (electromagnetic induction, electrochemistry, photoelectric effect)
• Key generation technologies (photovoltaic cells, fuel cells, batteries, turbines, reciprocating engines)
• Key generation fuels (renewables, nuclear, coal, natural gas, oil, hydro)
• Centralized vs. distributed generation
• How a steam turbine works
• How a combustion turbine works
• How a combined-cycle turbine works
• How a coal gasification (IGCC) turbine works
• How a water turbine works
• How a wind turbine works
• How photovoltaic cells work
• How a reciprocating genset works
• Combined heat and power (CHP)
• Overview of physical, financial and environmental characteristics of each generation type
• Generation costs (capital, fixed and variable)
• The generation dispatch stack

The Electrical Transmission System

• The role of transmission
• Overview of the transmission system layout
• What transformers do and how they work
• Station transformers
• Switchyard (switches, breakers, transformers, busbar)
• Transmission lines
• Transmission substations
• Monitoring and metering equipment
• Protective equipment (circuit breakers, fuses, switches)
• How a transmission system is configured
• North American power grids
• How the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) sets standards for reliable operation
• The role of FERC in overseeing reliability
• The role of the transmission owner (TO) and entities that are TOs
• The role of the system operator and entities that are system operators
• Which regions of the U.S. operate under ISOs/RTOs

The Electrical Distribution System

• The role of distribution
• Overview of the distribution system layout
• Distribution substations
• Distribution lines (overhead and underground, single phase and three phase, wye and delta)
• Advantage and disadvantages of each distribution line option
• Other distribution components (lightning arrestors, voltage regulators, line and service fuses, reclosers, capacitor banks)
• System design (how primary and secondary feeds are used and laid out)
• How systems are designed to balance cost and reliability objectives
• Services (service transformers)

Electrical Services

• The role of services
• Overview of how a service is laid out
• Overhead and underground services
• Single phase and three phase services
• Wye and delta services
• Service voltages (transmission, primary and secondary)
• Service components (service conductors, meter loop, meter, ground wire/rod, main disconnect, breaker/fuse box)
• Circuits (feeder and branch)
• Designing services to adequately match a specific customer load

Electric Meters and Metering

• The role of metering
• Categories of meters
• Single phase vs. three phase meters
• Operating technologies (induction, solid state, hybrid)
• Data communication (manual vs. remote)
• Automated meter reading (AMR)
• Smart meters
• Registers (energy, time-of-use, demand, solid state)
• Net meters
• Transmission meters
• Primary meters
• Secondary meters
• Installation type (self contained vs. transformer rated)
• Master and sub-meters
• Current transformers (CTs) and potential transformers (PTs)
• Meter operations and management
• Regulatory requirements
• Accuracy and testing
• Diversion and tampering

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You may view this course as many times as you wish during the license period (45 days for a full-length course and 15 days for a short course). However, you may not share access to the course with anyone else. Enerdynamics will not be liable to you, or to anyone who may claim any right due to a relationship with you, for any acts or omissions in the performance of services under the terms of this license unless such acts or omissions are due to willful misconduct. With your purchase and/or use of this course you are accepting the terms of this license agreement.

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This Enerdynamics online training product has been uniquely designed to offer the best value in the business. With your purchase, you will receive:

• A 45-day single user subscription (15 days for short courses) to the course: view the course material as many times and in any order you like during the subscription period.
• E-mail access to Enerdynamics: feel free to ask any questions relevant to the course material.
• Professional audio and animated content developed by experienced education professionals: this is not a page turner!
• Online exercises and interactions: designed to cement your understanding.
• Reference materials: a list of acronyms and a glossary that you can view online with your course.
• Expert instruction: this course was developed by professionals with decades of energy experience in the industry.
• Full-color presentations: our seminars are carefully designed for maximum impact and interest.
• Learn anytime and anywhere: wherever you have Internet access.
• Your satisfaction is guaranteed: so you have nothing to lose!

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